hey there,
1) I think Google these days is into “things that make sense” and for that matter a link with 10 words in the anchor doesn’t make much sense usually, it doesn’t look natural. (Seems suspiciously like long tail keyword work 
)
2) not much of a problem as there isn’t much sense in buying / swapping links for more than 3 word anchor in most cases anyway.
3) I’m not 100% there is actually a real penalty for such linking, and I think that in some cases its actually called for and will help the SERP’s. (those cases would have to be very specific, for example in our field “online poker rooms accepting American players” would be a long yet searched phrase)
Weblight