I think you are referring to “duplicate content” or I guess “common content” could be used, but I don’t think it’s quite accurate. You do not want to copy content from another site and use it on your site because the search engines will view this as “duplicate content” and you will be penalized.
Some webmasters used to (some still do) copy word for word a very reputable gambling sites’ content and use it on their site. This is frowned upon from the search engines now and is not recommended.
I don’t believe the same navigation throughout can hurt your site, unless I’m missing something?